“Glyphosate excessive use chronically disrupts the shikimate pathway and can affect photosynthesis and yield in citrus trees”*
*Rodrigo Martinelli et al. Chemosphere 2022; 308: 136468
How Glyphosate Can Disrupt Nitrogen Fixation in Plants
• Mung beans exposed to glyphosate have impaired nitrogen uptake*
• Glyphosate exposure at sublethal levels severely impairs nitrogenase
activity**
• Nitrogenase converts nitrogen gas to ammonia
• Glyphosate inhibits phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)**
• PEPC is important for incorporation of both carbon and nitrogen into plants***
*A Zaidi et al., Springer Verlag 2005;25
(4):497-504.
** N de Maria et al., J Agric Food Chem.
2006;54(7):2621-8.
*** R Chollet et al., Annu Rev Plant Physiol
Mung beans Plant Mol Biol 1996;47:273-298.