Effect of Glyphosate on Water Flea Embryos*
• Water fleas are near the bottom of the aquatic food chain
• Tadpoles, salamanders, newts, aquatic insects and many types of small fish feed on water fleas
• When water fleas were exposed to concentrations of Roundup and glyphosate well below the approved regulatory threshold, they suffered from:
• Embryonic developmental failure
• Systemic inflammation
• Collagen degradation
• Impaired wound healing
• Disrupted gut microbes
• The animals that eat the water fleas
pick up glyphosate from their food
• Effects on water fleas propagate up
the food chain
*Suppa et al.Microbiome 2020; 8:170