A basic mandala, also called a yantra, takes the form of a square with four gates containing a circle with a center point. Each gate is in the general shape of a T.[1] Mandalas often have radial balance.[2]
A yantra is similar to a mandala, usually smaller and using a more limited colour palette. It may be a two-or three-dimensional geometric composition used in sadhanas, puja or meditative rituals, and may incorporate a mantra into its design. It is considered to represent the abode of the deity. Each yantra is unique and calls the deity into the presence of the practitioner through the elaborate symbolic geometric designs. According to one scholar, "Yantras function as revelatory symbols of cosmic truths and as instructional charts of the spiritual aspect of human experience.”[3]
Diagram 2: Mandala of Vishnu
Sacred geometry ascribes to certain geometric shapes and proportions [4] with the belief that the universe was created according to a geometric plan. Plutarch attributed this belief to Plato, writing that, “Plato said God geometrizes continually” (Convivialium disputationum, liber 8,2).[4]
Centuries ago, Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) and other scientists believed that even the cosmos had geometric underpinnings.[5] Right they were. Today’s science reveals that the universe is an amazing marvel of geometric harmonics.
Diagram 3: Inner section of Kepler’s platonic solid model of planetary spacing in the Solar System from Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596)
And, if we look to nature, we find the roots of Sacred Geometry, where harmony and beauty abound.[6]
Many forms in nature, from the chambered nautilus; to the design, color, and proportion of flora, fauna, and other forms of life; to the hexagonal cells constructed by honey bees to hold their honey, reveal this beauty and harmony.